The whole region of the Vernet la Varenne hides in its basement the famous "Bishop's Stones", that were so by the queen Margot and that, according to the legend, would have decorated her fingers.
The amethyst belongs to the vast family of the quartz, it holds its colour which varies from dark purple to pale mauve, owing to the presence of oxidize manganese or rather iron. Its name originates from the Greek AMETHYSTOS (that is not drunk) as its main virtue was to protect from drunkenness, but not strictly speaking from drunkenness due to the consumption of alcohol, it allows to keep a sense of reality. This is why the tradition of the church prescribed to the bishop to carry an amethyst to the right ring finger, as he must leave his ego aside to govern the people of God, he must be the infallible spokesman of divine wills, while being wary of any drunkenness, remaining firmly fixed in the realities of this world.
The amethyst throughout ages
In all eras, it was a strongly estimated stone.
In old Egypt, soldiers used to wear it shaped like a beetle in order to protect themselves from fear and death. This was Nero's favourite stone (the fifth and last emperor of the Julio-claudian dynasty, he reigned from 54 to 68). In Rome people liked to wear it in cameo where the face of the god Bacchus gleamed (god of wine, drunkenness, excesses, notably sexual ones), cups in amethyst were also cut to prevented from getting drunk. The legend adds that the ring offered to the Virgin Mary by Holy Joseph wore an amethyst. This the twelfth stone quoted by Holy John in the Apocalypse, it is associated with the sign of the Pisces which is the last sign of zodiac.
The pink crosses situated it after the sardoine at the second degree of the Jacob scale. People of the cabbala used it, they could not neglect such a mysterious power. The purple colour of the amethyst was the symbol of the mystical wedding between the Lord and church. It was used to trim the pectoral muscle of the high priest of Hebrews. It is part of the stones that symbolize the twelve tribes from Israel.
The monarchs subject to the influence of the astrologers placed it on their crowns as a sign of their sovereignty.
The exploitation of the amethyst in the Livradois region
The amethyst appears in the history of the Auvergne in 1640 thanks to Martine of Bertereau with an amethyst mine in Pégut parish of the Vernet. Every two or three years the Spanish used to come to stock up, then the villages of Pégut, Genestine and the Reinerie livened up, they were awaited and when their bags were full of this stone from Auvergne, they returned over the Pyrenees where it was sold quickly. But further to a bad division, they decided to abandon the Auvergne, their exploitations got covered with thorns, water invaded the galleries.
In 1860 this was the awakening thanks to Mister Demarty who set himself to work with the help of workers, blocks were extracted from rocks and sent to Royat in an old mill. He created the gem cutting of Royat in 1899 to sell the purple stone which actually became the stone of Auvergne.
Yes, our mounts of the Livradois conceal a phenomenal treasure !
Legrand d'Aussy wrote that a person from the Vernet looking for an opening for his family wore amethyst in Geneva, Genevan jewellers bought them from him and he could sell them so easily that for a long time he came to search some. The lines are not negligible, some reach two kilometres. The previous works enabled to discover huge geodes, the one of Pégut looked like a small cave allowing one man to get in, still according to Legrand d'Aussy.
One year as the merchants had been stopped and stripped on the ways, people of the Vernet offered to work for them in the careers, on word, fed them and gave them at the start what was necessary for the journey. "Besides the Spanish were wise enough to recognize the process and always gave what the owed to these poor people". Brave peasants from the Vernet La Varenne, is this a legend ?
In my personal analysis Issoire is closely linked to the discovery of the Auvergne amethyst by the Spanish merchants, as Issoire is on the way to St Jacques of Compostelle the peasants from the Vernet la Varenne who collected this stone at home came to sell it in Issoire. It certainly took the way to Spain in these conditions in the pockets of the pilgrims.
Advice
At the present time it is henceforth very difficult to harvest a beautiful amethyst sample crystallized on the former exploitation works. The visit of abandoned careers and mines cannot be in any case carry out without the previous agreement of the owner.
Respect the sites and you will be respected, do not forget that all these deposits are on private properties.
These are sparkling jewels that you will be able to trace with, the antique sacred stone meant to decorate and adorn belongs to the searchers enchanting universe, we like to surpass ourselves in this adventure that makes us return the earth.
Locations
For nature lovers who do not fear the thorns, the Livradois still has some pretty mauve and sparkling crystals considered as the last traces of its past splendour.
To familiarize you with this mineral, we suggest you first of all to visit the former mine of PEGUT -1-(location on the sketch), the most exploited line in the region. You can have access to it from the path from D24 almost opposite the path of the hamlet of Perrier.
The line of the REYNERIE -2- in the east of the castle.
The one of Escout -3- half-way between Champagnat le jeune and Escout towards St Barthélemy Cross.
The line of MONTGROS -4- in the west of Coupe-Gorge, half-slope in the woods opposite the hamlet of Bel-Air and at the south.
In Saint-Etienne sur Usson, the line of GENESTINE -5- actively exploited at the beginning of the past century for tablettery, umbrella or cane knobs, in the south of the village Genestine.
Do not persist on one of the sites, there are so many others that are not quoted here and that you can discover yourself.

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